HAT Chat Articles – August 2007

 

A word from our President

 

As I sat to compose this month’s letter, I found myself asking, “What the heck happened to July???” My month started with a personal commitment and goal of riding! You may recall my excitement after riding a friend’s horse in HAT’s reining clinic this spring. Well, it is even more exciting to be riding my own lovely 28 year old Thoroughbred mare! Like a fine wine, she is better than ever as we both enjoyed our partnership through arena work, trail riding, and just plain old getting back in shape. Kiva is a bit ahead of me in regard to getting into shape while maintaining her graceful, youthful appearance! Time flies when you’re having fun…and the month flew by! 

 

A key component of this month’s newsletter is a copy of the proposed HAT by-laws which will be voted on at our September 6th meeting. There have been questions as to the need for revised by-laws. Each of the multiple organizations I belong to go through this process as the organization evolves. While the initial peek may look like a lot of legal, beagle, gobbledy gook, bear in mind much time and thought was devoted to this task. The goal is new by-laws which better meet the current membership needs while paving the way for the growth and expansion of HAT. I urge you to take a few moments to read through the proposal to prepare your vote. HAT is about each member having a say in what we do and how we it!

 

I’m filled with pride as I hear of the successes of the Texoma area youth at this year’s 4-H State Horse Show! Many of these kids started their show careers at our HAT Open Horse Shows and Youth Clinics, venues that provided them opportunities to learn, develop, and excel. Watch for more details of their accomplishments in next month’s issue of HAT Chat!

 

Mark your calendars with the upcoming HAT events – Family Riding/Schooling evening on August 16th, the next monthly meeting on September 6th, and the HAT Open Horse Show on September 8th! As always, we anticipate and look forward to your participation!!! 

 

Happy Trails…and keep on riding! 

 

 

 

New HAT By-Laws Proposed

 

A proposal to adopt a new set of by-laws has been reviewed and approved by the HAT Board of Directors. The intentions of the proposed by-laws are to fill in existing gaps and clarify certain aspects of how HAT operates, as well as to make some organizational changes to better support the group’s needs and prepare for future growth.

 

Under the provisions of the current by-laws, any such proposals must be approved by the membership before they can be adopted. The Board of Directors has asked for the HAT membership to review the proposal, and has called for a vote to be held during the monthly meeting on September 6th. To help with this process, copies of both the current and proposed by-laws have been printed on pages 3-10 of this newsletter, and have also been posted on the HAT website, www.hat-texoma.org.

 

HAT members are encouraged to read and ask questions about the proposal, and to attend the September meeting to discuss the by-laws in person and to cast their vote. For more information, please contact Mike Bernier at 903-465-4514 or e-mail info@hat-texoma.org

 

 

Next HAT Show September 8th

 

Remember that the next HAT show will be held on September 8th at Loy Lake Arena in Denison. A showbill is included in this issue and is also available for printing at the HAT website, www.hat-texoma.org.

 

 

State/Local News

 

Platter Flats Trails Still Flooded; Campground Reservation System Out Until Spring 2008

 

According to a report received from Donna Carmickle with the Collin County Horse Committee, the riding trails at Platter Flats are still flooded from all the recent rains, and the Army Corps of Engineers has shut down the campground reservations system until the Spring of 2008.

 

“The campground itself is still open. Parts are under water. Parts of the horse trails are under water,” Donna said. “The water is going down. Hopefully it will be back to normal soon.”

 

Donna continued, “The camping is first-come, first-serve for the time being. Loop A is all equestrian camping, 27 sites with electricity and water, and 28 with water only. We camp there in the winter and have electric but the water is turned off. Hopefully it will be safe to ride again when it dries out.”

 

The Collin County Horse Committee had scheduled an overnight camp out and trail ride at Platter Flats for September 14-15, but this has been cancelled. The event will be re-scheduled for early next year.

 

 

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Anthrax Cases Reported in Tom Green County

 

SAN ANGELO – on July 13, the Texas Animal Health Commission confirmed that 17 head of cattle and a number of deer have died of anthrax in northern Tom Green County. The news release was posted on its Web site http://www.tach.state.tx.us

 

Steve Sturtz, Texas Cooperative Extension agent for Tom Green County, said the cases were reported north of San Angelo near the Coke County line.

 

“Anthrax is naturally occurring across much of our area,” Sturtz said.

 

“Most longtime ranchers here have been aware of it for generations. While it is a serious zoonotic bacterial disease, which causes sudden death, it is preventable and easily vaccinated against.

 

Sturtz said a zoonotic disease is one that can cross-infect from animals to humans. Naturally occurring anthrax infections occur through ingestion of the spores; not by inhalation.

 

“The reason for this announcement is so area ranchers with a history of anthrax in their area will have time to vaccinate their animals, because as with most all vaccines, there is a lag time of several days before the vaccine becomes effective after the animal is vaccinated.”

 

This year’s unusually wet weather followed by a dry spell created a prime environment for anthrax spores already existing in the soil to resurface, Sturtz said.

 

“Wet weather in West Texas is a blessing, but it can lead to problems, and anthrax is just one of these,” he said. “Hopefully, this will be an isolated instance.

 

“I do want to emphasis that though the public should be aware of it, the occasional dead bird or squirrel you might come across in town is not an indicator of an anthrax pandemic.”

 

Anthrax is a reportable disease, Sturtz said, which means that suspected cases should be reported to the Texas Animal Health Commission area office at 800-658-6642; after 5 p.m. call 800-550-8242 as soon as possible.

 

The commission requires that anthrax carcasses, manure and bedding from affected animals be incinerated, Sturtz said. Ranchers should not move the carcass, but should wear gloves and long sleeves when preparing the burn site.

 

“The commission reports that there is no need for vacationers or hunters to worry about naturally occurring anthrax,” he said. “But they do say not to touch or handle sick or dead animals, bones or shed antlers.”

 

For more information visit these Web sites:

 

·               Extension Veterinary Medicine, Texas Cooperative Extension: http://extensionvetmed.tamu.edu

·               The Center for Food Safety and Public Security: http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo/default.htm

·               U.S. Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/pubs/fsheet_faq_notice/fs_ahanthrax.html

http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/pubs/fsheet_faq_notice/fs_ahantrhadiag.html

·               Texas Department of State Health Services: http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/idcu/disease/anthrax/

 

Writer: Steve Byrns, 325-653-4576, s-byrns@tamu.edu

Contact: Steve Sturtz, 325-659-6524, s-sturtz@tamu.edu

 

 

National News

 

USRider Urges Horse Owners to Minimize Environmental Impact

 

Lexington, Kentucky (July 12) – Involvement with horses is the ultimate back-to-nature experience for many of us. However, it can come with a price to the environment.

 

An unpleasant fact for horse owners is that transporting their animals requires the use of heavy-duty vehicles that use more energy than most passenger cars.

 

The issue of global warming (now commonly referred to as climate change) has several sides. Some people feel that the changes in our planet’s climate are due to natural cycles and events. Others believe the changes are the result of greenhouse gases emitted by human activity. Regardless of your opinions on the issue, it’s imperative that everyone does his or her part to help reduce or slow the worst consequences of climate change.

 

USRider believes that future technological advancements in tow vehicles will minimize the impact of vehicles on the environment. However, horse owners can take several steps now to minimize their impact on the environment.

 

“Horse owners can do their part to reduce their fuel consumption with practical travel tips that actually work,” said Mark Cole, managing member for USRider.

 

Improve your fuel economy – as well as your safety and the safety of your horses – by following these simple tips:

 

  • Drive more efficiently.
  • Keep your vehicle properly tuned.
  • Plan and combine trips.
  • Choose a more efficient vehicle.

 

Through its Equestrian Motor Plan, USRider offers nationwide roadside assistance especially for equestrians. The plan includes standard features such as flat-tire repair, battery assistance and lockout services, plus towing up to 100 miles and roadside repairs for tow vehicles and trailers with horses, emergency stabling, veterinary and farrier referrals, and more.

 

USRider offers several suggestions for conserving fuel while traveling. These tips work for most vehicles.

 

A key to maximizing fuel efficiency is to maintain your tow vehicles. Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for regular maintenance.

 

Minimize Environmental Impact

 

  • Keep Engine Properly Tuned – Depending upon the kind of repair done, this can result in an average 4 percent increase in fuel efficiency. Replacing a faulty oxygen sensor can improve fuel mileage as much as 40 percent.
  • Check and Replace Air Filter – Replacing a clogged air filter can improve your vehicle's mileage up to 10 percent.
  • Keep Tires Properly Inflated – Proper inflation can increase mileage by around 3 percent. An added benefit is that properly inflated tires are safer and last longer.
  • Use Recommended Grade of Motor Oil – Using the incorrect weight can increase fuel consumption by 1-2 percent. Look for motor oil that says “Energy Conserving” on the API performance symbol to be sure it contains friction-reducing additives.

 

If your tow vehicle is an older model, consider purchasing a new tow vehicle. New vehicles have more power but use less fuel. Another item worth considering is to switch from a tow vehicle that uses gasoline to one that uses diesel, as current diesel technology is more fuel efficient.

 

In addition to maintaining your tow vehicle, USRider offers vehicle operation tips that will help reduce the impact on the environment:

 

  • Drive Sensibly – Aggressive driving can lower your fuel mileage by one-third. Sensible driving is also safer for your horse(s).
  • Observe the Speed Limit – The Department of Energy says that each 5 mph you drive over 60 mph is like paying an additional $0.21 for each gallon of fuel. Driving the speed limit has the added benefit of increasing safety.
  • Avoid Excessive Idling – Idling gets 0 miles per gallon.
  • Use Cruise Control – Using cruise control (where applicable) helps you maintain a constant speed and, in most cases, will save fuel. Do not use cruise control if you are tired or fatigued. In fact, if you are tired or fatigued, you shouldn’t be trailering horses.
  • Use Overdrive Gears – When your engine speed goes down, your mileage goes up. An added benefit is that using overdrive gears reduces engine wear.
  • Lighten the Load – Remove unnecessary weight from the vehicle.
  • Do Not Use the Tow Vehicle as a Passenger Car. When not towing, drive a smaller, more fuel-efficient vehicle.

 

“These measures have a triple benefit – they reduce the detrimental impacts automobiles have on the environment, result in fuel savings for horse owners and improve safety for everyone. That’s a win-win-win situation,” said Cole.

 

For more information about USRider and more equine trailer safety tips, visit the USRider website at www.usrider.org, or call (800) 844-1409.

 

 

Legislative Update

 

Unwanted Horse Coalition Gathers, Spreads Message of “Owning Responsibly”

 

Members of the Unwanted Horse Coalition met during the American Horse Council’s National Issues Forum in Washington, DC, to develop future plans to raise awareness and share their work with horse industry leaders and participants.

 

“It was great to come back to the 2007 American Horse Council’s Issues Forum only one year after being folded into the AHC with so many accomplishments such as our web site and awareness brochure,” said Dr. Tom Lenz, chairman of the Unwanted Horse Coalition. “It was important for us to have an audience with industry players so they can help us educate current and prospective horse owners on owning responsibly.”

 

During the AHC Forum, members of the Unwanted Horse Coalition made several plans for the next year, including publishing the “Own Responsibly” handbook on the web site, developing a rescue and retirement facilities listing and providing promotional items such as pens, decals and lapel pins to help raise awareness of this issue.

 

AHC Forum participants had a chance to hear about these activities and hear the stories of two horsewomen who have first-hand experience with successful rescue and second-career horses.

 

Gillian Clissold, an event rider and owner of Quarternote Farm in Virginia read a moving “stream of consciousness” poem about her mare “Sportscar.” Sportscar was an unwanted yearling when she was rescued at an auction from eventual slaughter. With Clissold, Sportscar became a decorated eventing horse, winning 2003 U.S. Eventing Association Mare of the Year at the Advanced Level.

 

Louise Foreman, of the Board of Governors for the Northern Virginia Therapeutic Riding Program, Inc., shared her experiences with the success of horses finding second careers as therapeutic riding lesson horses. She said the need for these horses to be donated is great, especially with a new pilot program they are developing for injured Iraq War veterans.

 

These were examples of how unwanted horses can find successful second careers when owners have the right resources and education about their options. Spreading this message is an important goal of the Unwanted Horse Coalition.

 

To learn more about the UHC, visit the web site at www.unwantedhorsecoalition.org or contact Katy Carter, coordinator, Unwanted Horse Coalition, at (202) 296-4031.

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NJ Horse Council President Receives American Horse Council’s 2007 Van Ness Award

 

The American Horse Council (AHC) presented the Van Ness Award to Jane Gilbert, president of the New Jersey Horse Council, at the annual AHC National Issues Forum in Washington, DC.

 

Each year the Van Ness Award is given to a person in the equine industry who embodies the dedication and service of the late Mrs. Marjorie Van Ness.

 

“Marge was a vital force in the formation of the New Jersey Horse Council, the formation of AHC’s State Horse Council Advisory Committee and a devoted member of the AHC Executive Committee,” said AHC President Jay Hickey.

 

An extremely well-rounded equestrian, Jane Gilbert has been involved with hunters, jumpers, dressage, combined training, thoroughbred racing and breeding.

 

Mrs. Gilbert was the New Jersey Horse Person of the Year in 2001. She has shown her leadership abilities time and again, holding the following positions at one time or another. She has been President of the New Jersey Bred Hunter Association, President of the Eastern States Dressage and Combined Training Association, a member of the New Jersey Equine Advisory Board, Board Member of ReRun Thoroughbred Retirement Organization, Trustee of the Horse Park of New Jersey and a member of the RUBEA Committee for the Equine Sciences Center at Cook College.

 

“While most of us would consider these obligations a full-time job, Mrs. Gilbert also maintains a 36-acre breeding farm, races homebred thoroughbreds and assists local Thoroughbred adoption groups when she can. Additionally, she was a Blue Bridle Insurance Agent for 23 years. No stranger to the legislative process, she worked tirelessly for the passage of the New Jersey Equine Liability Law and for expansion of the state Farmland Assessment Law,” said Hickey during the award presentation.

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As the national trade association representing the horse industry in Washington, D.C., the American Horse Council works daily to represent equine interests and investments. Organized in 1969, the AHC promotes and protects the industry by communicating with Congress, federal agencies, the media and the industry on behalf of all horse related interests each and every day.

 

The AHC is member supported by individuals and organizations representing virtually every facet of the horse world from owners, breeders, veterinarians, farriers, breed registries and horsemen's associations to horse shows, race tracks, rodeos, commercial suppliers and state horse councils.

 

 

Equine Science News

 

What Colors Do Horses See?

 

How do horses see color? What does the world look like to them?

 

Light is detected by specialized receptors in the retina at the back of the eye. The receptors responsible for color vision are called cones .

 

Humans with normal color vision possess three types of cones, each of which contains pigment that responds to a different range of colors. Because they have three separate populations of cones, roughly sensitive to red, green and blue light, normal people are termed trichromats (literally “three colors”).

 

Any change in the amount of pigment in the cones, or the wavelength of light to which it responds, can lead to deficiencies in color vision (color blindness).

 

In contrast, most nonhuman mammals are dichromats and have only two classes of cones.

 

Dr Evelyn Hanggi and Jerry Ingersoll of the Equine Research Foundation, Aptos, California, with the help of Terrace L Waggoner of the Eye Clinic at the Naval Hospital at Pensacola, Florida, performed a study to investigate what colors horses could distinguish. Waggoner had previously designed the Color Vision Testing Made Easy Test for children and adults and modified it for use in horses.

 

Firstly Hanggi and Ingersoll trained the horses to chose between two cards, one of which had a circle marked on it. If the horse chose the card bearing the circle, by touching it with its nose, it received a reward. For this initial training, Hanggi used a circle composed of orange dots on a background of blue-green dots. This combination of colors was chosen because it is visible to all humans, even if they are color-deficient.

 

Once the horses had learned to choose the card bearing a circle, the next stage was to test different color combinations to see if the horses could differentiate them. The choice of colors was determined by the colors that color-blind humans have difficulty distinguishing. For example, people that are red-deficient (protanopes) can not see a red-purple dotted circle on a dotted grey background.

 

If a horse could not distinguish between the colors, it would be expected to choose the correct card 50% of the time purely by chance. So, to be sure that the horses’ response was not down to chance the researchers set a target of 80% correct tests before they would conclude that the horse could differentiate between the colors.

 

None of the four horses in the study was able to distinguish a dotted brown circle on a dotted green background. Neither could they see the circle when it was made of red-purple or blue-purple dots on a dotted grey background. These findings were typical of people with red or green color deficiencies.

 

However, the horses could identify a circle of yellow-green dots on a grey dotted background. This shows that they were not blue color deficient.

 

So, it appears that, compared with humans, horses are red-green color deficient but not blue color deficient. It is most likely that horses see the world in a similar way to humans with red-green color deficiencies. Red, orange, yellow and green probably all appear the same. Nonetheless, horses do just fine with limited color vision and probably use other visual cues (brightness, hue variation, depth, etc.) to function with ease in their environment.

 

For more details see:

 

Color vision in Horses (Equus caballus): Deficiencies identified using a pseudoisochromatic plate test.

EB Hanggi, JF Ingersoll, TL Waggoner.

J Comp Psychol (2007) 121(1), 65 – 72

 

For more information of the work of the Equine Research Foundation and their learning and riding vacations and internships see: www.equineresearch.org

 

For more about color blindness in people see: http://colorvisiontesting.com

 

 

© 2007 Equine Science Update -- www.equinescienceupdate.co.uk

Reprinted with permission

 

 

 

Monthly Poll

 

Last month we asked:

 

 

This month’s question:       Has any of your horse ever had colic?

 

To vote in our monthly poll, go to www.hat-texoma.org and scroll down to “Monthly Poll” on the home page. The results of this month’s question will be published in our next issue. Be sure to stop by and cast your vote!

 

 

Extension Service News

by Eddie Baggs, CEA-Agriculture

Denton County Cooperative Extension

 

Storing Big Round Hay Bales

 

Short hay supplies in the last two years has ended with the blessings of above average rainfall during the first six months of 2007. This onset of grasses has produced an abundant quantity of hay this year, in which the quality will be questioned later. But for now, we want to preserve the quality that we have at baling time until feeding time.

 

Consider the big round bales stored outside uncovered using net-wrap versus plastic twine. The average dry matter loss (DM) for net-wrap is 7.3% as compared to twine at 11.3%, granted that using net-wrap cost about $1 per bale more. If you are going to sell hay, net-wrap has a better appearance and wrap that covers the bale's edges has even more advantages.

 

Spoilage or weathering is the result of moisture entering the bales combined with temperature; this accelerates bacteria breakdown of the cellulose in the plant. Moisture gets into the bales by rain on the tops of the bales, humidity, or water puddling at the bottom of the bales. A 6 foot by 6 foot round bale of hay will receive 22 gallons of water for every inch of rainfall. Weathering begins slowly but then accelerates with time, because weathered hay is more easily penetrated by rain and does not dry as rapidly.

 

Most big round bales in this area are stored in rows end to end in a cigar shape. If this is the case, producers should make sure ends are butted tight together on a well drained area with bales running down hill to avoid a damming effect trapping run-off water at the bottoms of the bales. Even better would be to put rows on gravel or some type of bedding to avoid all hay-soil contact. Rows should run north and south to allow maximum sun exposure to the rounded sides. At least 3 feet should be left between rows to ensure sunlight penetration and allow good air circulation.

 

Spoilage losses can be 4 to 8 inches in depth on the outside of large round bales stored outside with no protection, not to mention the loss of nutritional value. A weathered layer 6 inches in depth contains about one-third of the bale's volume, but decreases as bale size increases. Have you ever seen animals eat the center out of a round bale? This is due to the loss of palatability on the outer portion due to extensive weathering, and the animals’ refusal to consume it.

 

Unfortunately, many hay producers and buyers do not realize how huge their losses really are, or that with little effort or expense they could be reduced considerably by utilizing a few storage management techniques.

 

Educational programs conducted by the Texas Cooperative Extension serve people of all ages regardless of socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, religion, disability or national origin.

 

 

 

A Bit of Humor

 

A Horse’s View of the World

 

Arena: A place where humans can take all the fun out of forward motion.

 

Bit: A means by which a rider’s every motion is transmitted to the sensitive tissues of the mouth.

 

Bucking: A counter-irritant

 

Crossties: A gymnastic apparatus.

 

Door or Gate Latch: A type of puzzle.

 

Dressage: The process by which some riders can eventually be taught to respect the bit.

 

Farrier: A disposable surrogate owner; useful for acting out aggression without compromising food supply.

 

Fence: A barrier that protects good grazing.

 

Grain: The sole virtue of domestication.

 

Hitching Rail or Post: A means by which to test one’s strength.

 

Horse Trailer: A mobile bear cave.

 

Hot Walker: The lesser of two evils.

 

Jump: An opportunity for self-expression.

 

Longeing: A procedure for keeping a prospective rider at bay.

 

Owner: A human assigned responsibility for one’s feeding.

 

Rider: An owner overstepping its bounds.

 

Trainer: An owner with mob connections.

 

Veterinarian: A flightless albino vulture

 

 

Ask The Vet

by Dr. Katie Hayes, DVM

 

 

Electrolytes

 

Salt

 

A horse needs to take in approximately 1 oz of salt per day to stay optimally hydrated, and up to 4 oz of salt during hard work or hot weather. Salt contains sodium, which is a major regulator of water in the body. Horses have developed a taste for salt, and because their diets are normally low in salt they will seek it out. When sodium is in short supply in the body, horses will adjust by secreting less out in their urine and substituting other needed electrolytes such as potassium. This substituting robs other tissues of electrolytes they need in favor of maintaining hydration.

 

To ensure that your horse is getting an adequate amount of salt, it may be added to the feed, offered free choice, or a salt block may be provided. Salt should not be added to water unless pure water is also readily available. One ounce per day while weather is cool or work is light is enough to maintain your horse – that’s one pound every 16 days.

 

Potassium

 

Sweat contains approximately 80% as much potassium as it does sodium, meaning that as your horse sweats  he loses anywhere from 2 to 25 grams of potassium per hour of work. Unfortunately, most supplements are not effective in replenishing potassium after work. This is because sodium has become depleted and potassium is being excreted in urine to compensate for the low sodium and to maintain hydration.

 

For adequate replacement of potassium, first replenish sodium depletion and then address potassium deficiencies with 5-10 lbs of good quality hay. Hay is rich in potassium, and just 5 lbs contains a horse’s daily requirement.

 

Planning for exercise in the heat

 

If you are planning any sort of activity for your horse this summer, chances are it will be in the heat. Here are a few tips to help keep your horse healthy:

  1. Feed at least 10 lbs of hay per day or allow 24-hour pasture access
  2. Give a minimum of 3 oz of salt per day, starting at least three days before your activity or event
  3. Avoid excess calcium feeding. Feeding extra calcium can diminish a horse’s ability to mobilize calcium from the bones when he needs it
  4. If your horse is sweating lightly, replace losses with 2-5 grams of sodium for each hour worked. Also feeding 5 lbs of hay for each hour worked will replenish potassium. For heavier work, these amounts may be doubled.
  5. Give your horse time to eat a normal breakfast including hay or grass before beginning exercise.
  6. If your horse will be working all day, give him the first dose of electrolytes before you start. While you cannot pre-load a horse with electrolytes, you can offset the initial deficits.

 

  • While supplementing your horse you should give no more than 1.5 oz of sodium per gallon of water consumed. Water consumption should be monitored during work to ensure proper intake.
  • Frequent administration of concentrated electrolytes is associated with gastric ulceration. To help prevent this, administer electrolytes diluted in water.

 

 

Recipe of the Month

 

Orange Ice Cream Pie                                               Servings: 8

 

1 pkg

(1 lb) sugar cookie mix

 

 

1/2 cup

butter or margarine, softened

 

 

4 cups

orange sherbet

 

 

2 cups

vanilla ice cream

 

 

 

·               Preheat oven to 375° F. In a medium bowl, combine cookie mix and butter; stir until well blended (mixture will be crumbly).

·               Reserve 1-1/2 cups of mixture and set aside. In an ungreased 9-inch glass pie plate, press remaining mixture over bottom and up sides of the plate; prick with a fork. Bake 16 to 18 minutes or until light golden brown. Remove from oven and allow to cool completely (about 1 hour).

·               On an ungreased cookie sheet, sprinkle remaining mixture. Bake for 10 minutes or until edges of crumbs begin to brown. Remove from oven and allow to cool on cookie sheet for about 30 minutes.

·               While crust and crumbs are cooling, place sherbet and ice cream in refrigerator to soften.

·               Scoop half of the softened sherbet over pie crust and spread to cover crust. Sprinkle with 1/2 cup of crumbs. Scoop all of the softened ice cream over the sherbet and crumbs and spread to cover. Sprinkle with another 1/2 cup of crumbs. Scoop remaining sherbet over the ice cream and crumbs and spread to cover. Sprinkle with remaining 1/2 cup of crumbs.

·               Freeze until firm, 4 to 6 hours or overnight. Let stand 15 minutes to soften before cutting.

 

Variations: substitute your favorite sherbet or ice cream flavors.